Depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: association with diabetes-specific characteristics.

D epression in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes has been associated with negative diabetesrelated health outcomes such as poorer glycemic control (1–5) and recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admissions (6,7). While mechanisms that link depression and suboptimal health outcomes are poorly understood (8), it is apparent that the chronicity of type 1 diabetes and the demands of management provide a fertile environment for adjustment problems. Our aim was to investigate depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their association with demographic, diabetes-specific, and family-functioning variables.